Where authorized by law, a correctional official should also be permitted to order an autopsy. Correctional authorities should employ strategies and devices to allow correctional staff of the opposite gender to a prisoner to supervise the prisoner without observing the prisoners private bodily areas. (iv) assertions of a defense to any action brought against them. (f) Prisoners should be provided basic educational materials relating to disease prevention, good health, hygiene, and proper usage of medication. Any visual surveillance and supervision of a prisoner who is undergoing an intimate medical procedure should be conducted by correctional officers of the same gender as the prisoner. (e) Correctional authorities should communicate effectively with prisoners who have disabling speech, hearing, or vision impairments by providing, at a minimum: (i) hearing and communication devices, or qualified sign language interpretation by a non-prisoner, or other communication services, as needed, including for disciplinary proceedings or other hearings, processes by which a prisoner may make requests or lodge a complaint, and during provision of programming and health care; (ii) closed captioning on any televisions accessible to prisoners with hearing impairments; (iii) readers, taped texts, Braille or large print materials, or other necessary assistance for effective written communication between correctional authorities and prisoners with vision impairments, andwhen a prisoner with a vision impairment is permitted to review prison records, as in preparation for a disciplinary or other hearing; and. Whenever practicable, a qualified health care professional should participate in efforts to avoid using four- or five-point restraints. (a) The term lockdown means a decision by correctional authorities to suspend activities in one or more housing areas of a correctional facility and to confine prisoners to their cells or housing areas. If public transportation to a correctional facility is not available, correctional officials should work with transportation authorities to facilitate the provision of such transportation. In an emergency, or when necessary in a facility in which health care staff are available only part-time, medically trained correctional staff should be permitted to administer prescription drugs at the direction of qualified health care professionals. Such prisoners should not be housed with prisoners who have been identified as potential aggressors. (c) Correctional authorities should provide prisoners, without charge, basic individual hygiene items appropriate for their gender, as well as towels and bedding, which should be exchanged or laundered at least weekly. Salaries and benefits should be sufficient to attract and retain qualified staff. (o) The term long-term segregated housing means segregated housing that is expected to extend or does extend for a period of time exceeding 30 days. (b) A correctional agency should designate an internal unit, answerable to the head of the agency, to be responsible for investigating allegations of serious staff misconduct, including misconduct against prisoners, and for referring appropriate cases for administrative disciplinary measures or criminal prosecution. Segregated housing includes restriction of a prisoner to the prisoners assigned living quarters. The relationship between a prisoner and a person providing legal assistance under this subdivision should be governed by applicable ethical rules protecting the attorney-client relationship. Officials should provide a clear rationale in writing for any censorship decision, and should afford prisoners a timely opportunity to appeal the decision to a correctional administrator. States and the federal government should prohibit by statute and correctional agencies by policy any form of sexual contact between staff and prisoners. (d) The term correctional authorities means all correctional staff, officials, and administrators. (b) Correctional authorities should provide prisoners with clean, appropriately sized clothing suited to the season and facility temperature and to the prisoners work assignment and gender, in quantities sufficient to allow for a daily change of clothing. Correctional authorities should memorialize and facilitate review of uses of force. (p) The term qualified health care professional means physicians, physician assistants, nurses, nurse practitioners, dentists, qualified mental health professionals, and others who by virtue of their education, credentials, and experience are permitted by law to evaluate and provide health care to patients. (a) Correctional officials should provide for the voluntary medically appropriate testing of all prisoners for widespread chronic and serious communicable diseases and for appropriate treatment, without restricting the availability of treatment based on criteria not directly related to the prisoners health. (a) Correctional authorities should protect prisoners from physical injury, corporal punishment, sexual assault, extortion, harassment, and personal abuse, among other harms. However, prisoners diagnosed with serious mental illness should not be housed in settings that may exacerbate their mental illness or suicide risk, particularly in settings involving sensory deprivation or isolation. Correctional officials should establish criteria for forwarding such reports to a specialized unit trained in the appropriate investigation methods. The evaluation should also consider the state of the prisoners mental health; address the extent to which the individuals behavior, measured against the plan, justifies the need to maintain, increase, or decrease the level of controls and restrictions in place at the time of the evaluation; and recommend a full classification review as described in subdivision (d) of this Standard when appropriate. (a) Correctional authorities should provide prisoners living quarters of adequate size. In addition to implementing the mental health screening required in Standard 23-2.1 and mental health assessment required in Standard 23-2.5, this protocol should require that the signs and symptoms of mental illness or other cognitive impairments be documented and that a prisoner with such signs and symptoms be promptly referred to a qualified mental health professional for evaluation and treatment. (a) To the extent practicable, a prisoner should be assigned to a facility located within a reasonable distance of the prisoners family or usual residence in order to promote regular visitation by family members and to enhance the likelihood of successful reintegration. Modifications are not required if they would pose an undue burden to the facility, cause a fundamental alteration to a program, or pose a direct threat of substantial harm to the health and safety of the prisoner or others. A prisoners health care records and medication should travel with the prisoner in the event of a transfer between facilities, including facilities operated by different agencies. (b) Consistent with security needs, correctional officials should provide opportunities for prisoners to contribute to the community through volunteer activities. (c) To effectuate rehabilitative goals, correctional staff members should have rehabilitative responsibilities in addition to custodial functions. When medically necessary, correctional authorities should be permitted to place a prisoner with a readily transmissible contagious disease in appropriate medical isolation or to restrict such a prisoner in other ways to prevent contagion of others. (a) Correctional authorities should conduct all searches of prisoner living quarters and belongings so as to minimize damage to or disorganization of prisoner property and unnecessary invasions of privacy. (j) The term prison means a correctional facility holding primarily prisoners sentenced to a term of at least one year. (b) Correctional administrators and officials should foster an institutional culture that helps maintain a safe and secure facility, is conducive to humane and respectful treatment of prisoners, supports adherence to professional standards, and encourages ethical conduct. Consistent with Standard 23-2.5, routine preventive dental care and education about oral health care should be provided to those prisoners whose confinement may exceed one year. (c) A jurisdiction that enters into a contract with a private entity for the operation of a correctional facility should maintain the ability to house its prisoners in other facilities if termination of the contract for noncompliance proves necessary. (a) Correctional authorities should implement a system that allows each prisoner, regardless of security classification, to communicate health care needs in a timely and confidential manner to qualified health care professionals, who should evaluate the situation and assess its urgency. (f) The term correctional official means an individual with responsibility for facility-wide operations and management. In addition, the prisoner should be afforded, at a minimum, the following procedural protections: (i) at least 24 hours in advance of any hearing, written and effective notice of the actions alleged to have been committed, the rule alleged to have been violated by those actions, and the prisoners rights under this Standard; (iii) a hearing at which the prisoner may be heard in person and, absent an individualized determination of good cause, has a reasonable opportunity to present available witnesses and documentary and physical evidence; (vi) if the decision-maker determines that a prisoner is unable to prepare and present evidence and arguments effectively on his or her own behalf, counsel or some other advocate for the prisoner, including a member of the correctional staff or another prisoner with suitable capabilities; (vii) an independent determination by the decision-maker of the reliability and credibility of any confidential informants; (viii) a written statement setting forth the evidence relied on and the reasons for the decision and the sanction imposed, rendered promptly but no later than [5 days] after conclusion of the hearing except in exceptional circumstances where good cause for the delay exists; and. 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